1.9 × 10²⁴ t4.18 × 10²⁷ lb
Jupiter has a mass of 1.898 × 10²⁷ kg (about 4.18 × 10²⁷ lb), according to NASA. That is 318 times Earth and about 2.5 times all the other planets combined. Out in space it has no weight in the everyday sense, so this figure is its mass: the amount of matter it contains.
You time its moons. The closer and faster a moon circles, the stronger the planet’s pull must be. NASA’s fact sheet puts Io 421,800 km from Jupiter’s centre, going round once every 1.769 days (152,854 seconds). Newton’s version of Kepler’s third law turns that into a mass: 4π² × (421,800,000 m)³ ÷ (G × 152,854²) comes out at about 1.90 × 10²⁷ kg, already within a fraction of a percent of the official figure.
Spacecraft do it far more precisely. NASA’s Juno probe, orbiting Jupiter since 2016, sends radio signals back and forth with the Deep Space Network. As Jupiter’s gravity speeds the craft up and slows it down, the signal’s frequency shifts slightly (the Doppler effect), and those shifts map the planet’s gravity in detail.
What tracking actually measures is the mass times the gravitational constant, G: NASA gives 126.687 × 10⁶ km³/s². G is the weak link, known far less precisely than that product, so Jupiter’s mass in kilograms is quoted as (1.89813 ± 0.00019) × 10²⁷ kg, good to about 1 part in 10,000.
Add up NASA’s masses for Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune and you get about 768.6 × 10²⁴ kg. Jupiter alone is 1,898 × 10²⁴ kg, so it outweighs the rest 2.47 times. Saturn, the next heaviest, is less than a third of Jupiter’s mass.
It is still small next to the Sun, which is about 1,047 times heavier. Jupiter is heavy enough, though, that the point the two orbit around sits just outside the Sun’s surface, at about 1.07 solar radii from its centre. Every other planet’s balance point with the Sun lies inside it.
For its size Jupiter is light. It has 1,321 times Earth’s volume but only 318 times its mass, because it is made mostly of hydrogen and helium. Its average density is 1,326 kg/m³, about a third denser than water and about a quarter of Earth’s.
About 75 to 80 times heavier. NASA says Jupiter has the same ingredients as a star but did not grow massive enough to ignite. To fuse ordinary hydrogen in its core, it would need roughly 80 Jupiter masses, about 1.5 × 10²⁹ kg or 7.6% of the Sun’s mass.
In between are brown dwarfs, which NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory describes as having between 13 and 80 times the mass of Jupiter. They are too light to burn hydrogen the way stars do.
Adding mass would not make Jupiter much bigger. Its interior is already so squeezed that with more than about 40% more mass, it would actually get smaller, as gravity compresses it further.
Juno’s gravity readings showed that Jupiter does not have the small, compact rocky core many models expected. Instead its heavy elements seem to be mixed with hydrogen and helium in a large, “dilute” core reaching far out into the planet. One 2017 study by Juno team members estimated those heavy elements at 7 to 25 Earth masses, roughly 2% to 8% of the total.
Most of the rest is hydrogen and helium. In the atmosphere they make up about 76% and 24% of the mass, close to the mix found in the Sun.
Its mass is about 4.18 × 10²⁷ lb, or roughly 2.09 × 10²⁴ US tons. In metric terms that is 1.898 × 10²⁷ kg, or about 1.9 × 10²⁴ tonnes.
By volume, about 1,321, according to NASA’s fact sheet; NASA’s popular pages round it to about 1,000. By mass, Jupiter equals about 318 Earths.
About 2.36 times your Earth weight, measured at the cloud level where the pressure is 1 bar, since Jupiter has no solid surface. Someone who weighs 150 lb on Earth would weigh about 355 lb there.
No. The Sun is about 1,047 times more massive than Jupiter. Jupiter is still about 2.5 times heavier than all the other planets combined.
No. It would need about 75 to 80 times its current mass to fuse hydrogen, and there is nowhere near that much material left for it to collect.
Last checked October 2, 2026.
